“Where are you from?” I used to think this a very harmless question with a simple answer. Yet, now it's a question that I struggle to respond to and, in fact, almost recoil at. It's not that I don't have an answer, it's that the answer is complex, and the person asking is almost never interested in the truth. They are looking for a set answer. One that makes sense to them, one that fits what they “see” before them – be it skin colour, facial features or accent. To give a response that contradicts this expected answer only leads to the second and sometimes offensive question, “Where are you really from?” or “Where are you from, like, originally?”
I first started to struggle with the idea of where someone is “from” during my university days in Melbourne, when my world expanded with people from a range of different backgrounds – in my classes, at my part-time job, and in community circles. Many of my new friends were ethnically diverse; some were born and grew up overseas, while many were born and raised in Australia, just like me. It suddenly became a strange notion to say, for example, that one person was from Sri Lanka and the other from Australia, when in actuality, our everyday rituals were the same. We commuted using the same public transportation system, frequented the same coffee shops and had a shared understanding of local practices. To say simply that one is from Sri Lanka and the other Australia based on one's ethnicity or birthplace, doesn't get at the underlying complexity of the question, and fails to acknowledge the multiple layers of one's identity.
When I first started dating Hai, the failings of defining someone by “nation” became even more apparent. Hai is ethnically Vietnamese. He was born in a small town along the Mekong Delta, but when he was just two years old became a refugee. He stayed in a refugee camp in Malaysia for six months, and spent another month in Singapore, before eventually settling with his family in Australia. Being so young when all of this happened, he doesn't remember any of it. In fact, his first memories are of attending kindergarten in Perth, where his family first settled. Most of his formative years took place in Melbourne, where he lived until we moved to Japan together.
He went to Australian schools, just like me. He speaks English natively, just like me. His world was shaped by the Australian lifestyle, just like me. Yet, to simply say, “I'm from Australia,” was not a satisfactory answer to many who made the inquiry, “Where are you from?” Despite the Aboriginal heritage of our nation, the overwhelming stereotype of what it means to be an “Australian” is very much a Caucasian one. My physical appearance has undoubtedly given me access to privileges both in Australia and around the world that I wouldn't have been granted otherwise.
I clearly remember the time when Hai and I travelled to Morocco, some 10 years ago now. On arrival in Marrakech, I handed over my passport, had it stamped and was let through within a matter of seconds. Hai, on the other hand, was made to wait because, according to the immigration officer, “he couldn't possibly be Australian.” You see, his travel document and his physical appearance didn't match the immigration officer's imagined idea of Australia and subsequently what Australians look like. His perceived notion was that all Australians looked like some version of me.
He declared Hai's Australian passport to be fraudulent and proceeded to take it away to analyze it. Nervous at seeing his passport go out of sight (something as seasoned travellers we always try to avoid as a security measure) and upset at the injustice I was seeing before my eyes, I went over there and demanded what the problem was. Why was I let through on the same passport, entering under the same conditions and with the same itinerary, yet he was stopped? I knew why, but wanted the immigration officer to reflect on the discrimination that was taking place. The immigration officer seemed genuinely surprised when I explained that Australia is a very ethnically diverse country so you could say that his actions were largely born of a lack of awareness rather than some deliberate attempt at racial stereotyping. Yet, at the same time, we still must use such incidents to help build awareness that such actions are for one, wrong, and secondly that this notion of what passport we hold or what we look like defines our identity as absolute.
That wasn't the last time I have harnessed the power of my ethnicity to simply get something done, especially on our travels. We have become adept at using my Caucasian background in order for us both to be given the same basic consideration. We now make it general practice that whenever possible we approach immigration counters together. The alternative is often long lines of questioning, unnecessary baggage searches and an unapologetic demeanour from grounds staff. It saddens me to conclude that saying “he's with me” makes all the difference.
When we had trouble making bookings for AirBnb or arranging housesitting assignments, we knew it couldn't always be that they were already fully booked for any date we requested or that there were always better candidates – we knew we were more than qualified for the job. It was after yet another rejection that Hai suggested we make all inquiries under my name from then on – and how quickly the reaction changed. Even the same properties that were fully booked when Hai inquired, magically became available when I did. And people wonder why so many around the world give themselves “English names”.
Despite how ethnically diverse Australia is today, that doesn't mean that the idea of what it means to be Australian has changed to the point of full integration or acceptance. Sure, many people are wise enough not to be openly racist, yet casual racism abounds. Among them are people who honestly have no comprehension of what they are actually saying to another person because they have never been on the other side of the fence, yet we can't go on excusing it. Something's gotta give.
On our last visit back to Australia, my Australian born niece of Vietnamese descent said something that really brought this issue home to me. She said, “You're the most Australian person in my family.” The idea that she didn't consider herself fully part of the Australian narrative broke my heart. Most days after school she would recount the day's events, telling me about the games she'd played with her best friend during lunch time. But her stories instilled a twinge of sadness in me when she would sometimes add with a beaming smile, “My best friend's Australian.” She'd sometimes do a similar thing when I'd take her to the playground. I would overhear her saying things like, “That lady's my aunty; she's Australian.” The reality is she is just as Australian as I am or as her best friend, yet the prevailing ideologies put before her told her otherwise. At the age of six she had already observed that being white meant something, and she wanted to be a part of it by association.
Of course, I'm not suggesting that everyone in Australia strip themselves of their ethnic identities and only refer to themselves as “Australian”. Everyone should be free to refer to themselves as they wish and most identify. Whether you want to say you are Chinese, Chinese-Australian or Australian should be a matter of personal choice. What I mean is that we shouldn't be shocked when someone who doesn't look Causasian says they are Australian and press for some underlying reason for their presence or citizenship.
Native custodians of the land aside, we can ask the same pressing questions of all of us. “Why are you here?” “Because of immigration.” That is the answer for each and every one of us. In a time when I see countless racist memes polluting the Internet claiming to be “saving” Australia from some evil foreign influence, I urge you to remember that. When I see people protesting the building of places of worship for our diverse communities, I urge you to remember that. And when you tuck into your favorite chow mein, kebab or pho, I urge you to remember that. “Australian” is not an ethnic group; Australians are made up of people of all ethnicities who choose to make a life in Australia, and the Australian way of life enjoyed now is because of this diversity.
It's not easy feeling like you're living on the edge of society, contributing all you have, yet never feeling like an equal. Now as a foreigner, let alone a Caucasian, living in Japan, I'm the one who stands out. And over the years, I've had to become used to feeling like an outsider. I'm constantly stared at and have a hard time being trusted with anything – it took us a year to simply rent an apartment in Tokyo – not because we didn't display a perfect track record, but because we aren't Japanese. Unless he is having a conversation, Hai's Asian features, though, generally make it much easier for him to blend in, in a physical sense, since most people assume he is Japanese.
When we visit Australia nowadays, on the other hand, it is I who fits in to the general surroundings until I speak. It seems my accent has changed somewhat on our travels and apparently that changes everything. Now when I go back and speak to a shop assistant, I'm quickly asked how my holiday to Australia is going and whether I like it. When I go to banks or official offices to apply for new accounts or cards, I'm usually told something like, “Sorry, this service is only available to Australian citizens.” I am an Australian citizen! It's not that I'm angry at an individual for thinking I'm from elsewhere or to staff who are relaying their company policies; it's the quick jumping to conclusions and the idea that Australia is some homogeneous place where everyone is expected to be some version of the same mould that got to me.
People in my own country couldn't imagine an Australia with diversity, yet it is precisely this diversity that defines it, drives it and pumps the lifeblood through it. On my last visit, people scoffed at me when I spoke, saying things like, “American now, are you?” or “You're not Australian at all anymore.” After three weeks of this at every lunch, every dinner, every event I went to, I grew completely tired of defending my “Australianness” at every turn. I can only imagine that many of those with varying backgrounds in Australia feel the same, only intensified when it extends over years or a lifetime.
When I've spent most of my life in Australia and the country so much a part of me, it hurts to be excluded, the drawbridge suddenly pulled up and the response cold, as if some kind of punishment for daring to spend my time exploring the world. While living in Japan I fear that I will never be truly considered Japanese. I don't mean in an ethnic sense, but in being considered on equal footing as a Japanese person when it comes to the community and claiming rights within it.
I've travelled to many countries and had an amazing time doing it, but it's a strange feeling to be considered a “guest” in all of them. When I came across a TED talk by Taiye Selasi entitled ‘Don't ask me where I'm from, ask where I'm a local,' I was literally in tears watching it because her speech so eloquently put into words what I had been feeling about the inadequacy of nations as a means to measure identity and offered a potential solution.
In it, she asks us to shift our focus from the language of nationality to where real life occurs. She suggests that instead of asking “Where are you from?” that we ask “Where are you a local?” You may think this change of little consequence but as Selasi notes, “The difference between “Where are you from?” and “Where are you a local?” isn't the specificity of the answer; it's the intention of the question.” Asking about locality acknowledges the multi-layered fabric of the human experience and looks beyond a boxed response that becomes increasingly difficult to answer in our globalized world.
If we really think about it, the nation-state as a whole does very little to convey our identities, since varying locales give us wildly differing human experiences, and Selasi shows exactly why with this poignant example of her own relationship to place.
“See, “Taiye Selasi comes from the United States,” isn't the truth. I have no relationship with the United States, all 50 of them, not really. My relationship is with Brookline, the town where I grew up; with New York City, where I started work; with Lawrenceville, where I spend Thanksgiving. What makes America home for me is not my passport or accent, but these very particular experiences and the places they occur. Despite my pride in Ewe culture, the Black Stars, and my love of Ghanaian food, I've never had a relationship with the Republic of Ghana, writ large. My relationship is with Accra, where my mother lives, where I go each year, with the little garden in Dzorwulu where my father and I talk for hours. These are the places that shape my experience. My experience is where I'm from.”
With this line of localized thought, we can more easily communicate who we really are – all stereotypes and boundaries of nationalism aside. These are the localities where my life takes place. With this we can stop looking at ethnicity as a mere measure of who belongs and who doesn't, and we can paint a truer and more colourful portrait of our lives.
If Hai's identity is shaped by his time in Melbourne, by his life experiences and relationships there, then he has just as much right to call himself a local as I do. Just as the both of us, having spent most of our married lives living in Tokyo, have the same right to call ourselves locals of this metropolis as any Japanese person who lives here.
Ethnicity and locality (or even nationality if we must) are not mutually exclusive because they are not the same thing. Saying Hai is “not really Vietnamese” doesn't accurately portray his identity nor am I proposing that one's “origins” be taken out of the equation simply because of birthplace or because one has made a life in a country where they fit in on all accounts bar their physical appearance. What I am saying is that he can be both a local of Melbourne (an Australian if we want to put it in nationalistic terms) and of Tokyo, and Vietnamese at the same time. To borrow Selasi's similar sentiments, to eliminate his Vietnamese heritage denies his experiences in Tra Vinh, his connection with the Vietnamese language and culture, and his relationship with family and friends.
I feel a similar sense of denial whenever I visit Bendigo, the town where I was born and grew up, or Melbourne, where I attended university and began my working life. It amazes me the response I get from many people – those who feel that since I haven't actually lived there for some years that this equates to having no right to a connection with these places. As if 24 years of my life in those cities, localities that shaped my very being and where some of most meaningful relationships occur, can and should be erased based on the grounds that I'm not up-to-date with the latest restaurant openings, or that my local accent isn't as strong.
Places change, as do we all, and to say that some current version of a city's existence is the only one that holds merit, denies both the city's history and our own personal relationship to it. Apparently there is some kind of time limit for renewing your entry to places of personal significance and as such my visits are a long string of reminders that I no longer belong, at least as I am made to feel from the perspective of those who currently reside there. Try as one might to exclude me, you can't break my relationship with a place, past or present. As Selasi says, “You can take away my passport, but you can't take away my experience. That I carry within me. Where I'm from comes wherever I go.”
Then over in Japan, I have the opposite problem – you are here now but you didn't grow up here or at least your physical appearance says otherwise. The “now” makes little difference when your ethnicity doesn't match what is considered the “norm”. You're not Japanese, therefore you'll never be one of us. And it's exactly the same line of thinking that lends itself to the Sri Lanka-Australia predicament I mentioned earlier. Or why Hai is almost never considered to be from Australia either.
We must stop this imagined exclusivity that nationality, ethnicity, and time and space place on our identities. Instead, I urge us to look beyond stereotypes, and to look more deeply at the multiple layers of our inner selves that merge together to create the intricate fabric of our lives. Acknowledging that we can have a place in multiple worlds not only better reflects the human experience, it also focuses on what we have in common, rather than what sets us apart. And I for one wish for a world in which we value our diversity, while never losing sight of the common experiences that make us the same.
This a beautifully written article! Substitute the word Australian with American and it would ring just as true.
I’m an American who has lived and worked in Taiwan for the past eight years. Although I’m a permanent resident, and fully intend to retire here, I’m afraid I will never be thought of as a local, despite my increasing life connections here. The situation is exactly as you describe.
Yet, being Caucasian in appearance, I realize I generally receive better treatment and forgiveness for language and social blunders than my fellow Americans /Canadians/Australians who happen to be ethically Chinese. They may have never step foot in Asia nor can speak one word of Chinese, yet they’re looked down upon by native Taiwanese, as if they’re trying to “pass” for something they’re not. As much as you try to explain that, yes, they’re American and native English speakers, and no, they can’t speak Chinese and don’t have a strong cultural/patriotic connection to Taiwan, the locals will still not believe it and eye them with a sort of envious contempt.
I’m glad that you brought out that these views are also held in our multicultural nations as well. There’s a great video by Ken Tanaka (David Ury) titled “What kind of Asian are you?” that drives home this point quite humorously.
There is another aspect that is confusing to people who spent their whole lives (more or less) in city and country of birth. That you can NOT be from a place where you lived for a long time even if you show some characteristics (accent etc) and for example graduated from school there. I don´t feel like a local or in any way “from” where I went to school, it´s the 5th place I lived and it doesn´t hold a special place for me or any of my parents, we were mostly there for practical reasons and ended up staying longer than planned but didn´t really connect or want to. In fact I never liked the place or most people there which is unusual for me. So it gets very awkward when someone recognizes the accent or remembers me from high school (a very big school so it happens) and all I can say is “yeah, I used to live there but it was decades ago”… some places just don´t leave that much of an impression if you have many others to compare with. A place where I lived for just over a year means much more to me for example.
I grew up as a global nomad in different countries, cultures, and hybrids. I’m also a world traveler and have adopted cultures/traditions that I find particularly intriguing and in line with my personality. I dread the question “Where are you from” because the person asking may just be trying to make small talk but as a multi-cultural person with a complicated story it no longer becomes small talk.
“We must stop this imagined exclusivity that nationality, ethnicity, and time and space place on our identities. Instead, I urge us to look beyond stereotypes, and to look more deeply at the multiple layers of our inner selves that merge together to create the intricate fabric of our lives. Acknowledging that we can have a place in multiple worlds not only better reflects the human experience, it also focuses on what we have in common, rather than what sets us apart.”
I totally agree.
Passports bind us to borders and access. With some people having more privilege than others in terms of visa-free travel. There isn’t an easy solution for keeping countries safe from terrorists and keeping countries access to people who are more than qualified to enter but have to fill out copious forms and forms of paperwork just to enter. On a personal level, I’m very annoyed with people making assumptions when only one part of the answer is given and then when they discover that you don’t identify with their assumptions they don’t accept it. Racism and stereotype attitudes run deep.
Hi Jess,
Very insightful and impressive post. I had so many feelings reading it the first time, that I had to sit and think, and then talk with my wife (for about an hour) before I sat down today to write a comment.
One of my first thoughts was sadness, in that both Hai and yourself don’t really to find yourself at home, no matter where you go, even your home country of Australia. I can only compare your experiences to that of mine in Canada, and I can’t say I’ve ever felt that I’m not Canadian, or that someone has questioned my Canadianess before. I’m half Chinese, a quarter Scottish, an eighth English, and an eighth Spanish (and who knows, maybe a bit of other ethnicities mixed in), so I was not the typical white kid growing up in Winnipeg, Canada. Around 10% of the population that were minorities though, so I didn’t feel like I stood out. I don’t think I faced any hardships because of my background. As far as I knew, I was like everyone else.
It was only when I moved to Vancouver that I ever felt any rejection of part of my identity. You see, in Winnipeg, I could say I was Chinese and no one ever questioned that. Vancouver has more diversity than Winnipeg, with about half the population being minorities (if you can even say that, being half the population). The majority of that minority population is Chinese, some of them who have been living for generations in Canada, while other were what some call FOB (fresh off the boat). So among some Chinese, there are varying levels of being Chinese, especially when you factor in Chinese who came from Honk Kong vs. the mainland. One time when I went into a video store, the shopkeeper noticed I had a Chinese last name and asked why. I can’t remember the specifics of what he said, but the feeling was that I wasn’t real Chinese.
I can’t speak the language and besides eating some food and a few tiny traditions that we might keep to, I’d agree, culturally I’m not really Chinese. It was shocking at first to discover I wasn’t truly Chinese, but I’ve come to accept that. However, if anyone where to ever question me being Canadian (or question my wife being Japanese), I think we’d both be quite upset.
Where are you from is quite a common question in Vancouver, because the answer is almost always not from Vancouver (or its surrounding suburbs). Nearly everyone is from somewhere else. It’d be foolish to think someone is Canadian based on their colour of skin, accent, religion, or any other identifiable trait. With the exception of the first nations, everyone is an immigrant to Canada. I remember being really proud when I heard our Prime Minister say a few simple words, “A Canadian, is a Canadian, is a Canadian”. Once you’re a citizen of Canada, you’re a Canadian, regardless of anything else. My parents were not born in Canada, but they’re Canadian, just as much as my kids who were born in Canada, but are currently living in Japan. That’s something I always make sure my kids remember, and something I hope that no one will ever question.
As a kind of funny end note, there is a question that my wife would often get asked, “Why aren’t you Canadian?” It was usually asked by newly minted Canadians who didn’t understand why she hadn’t tried to become Canadian yet.
Canada has its share of problems with tensions between people from different ethnicities, cultures, countries, etc…, so it’s not like it’s some wonderland. People are encouraged to keep their identities when they move to Canada, but there’s also the expectation that they gain a new one as well (being a Canadian, of course).
One of the (almost) amusing things I find in Vancouver is when I talk to serving staff in Chinese, Thai or Korean restaurants; I find they are often exchange students from Japan or Hong Kong. But never Australian or European. They were obviously hired for their appearance.
I was born in Downtown Vancouver and my High School was in the West End. I know presume almost everybody that I meet is from somewhere else — even if just the Prairies — and use that as a conversation starter.
You are so absolutely right, Jessica! If only people would stop staring and thinking with stereotypes… I can’t believe this is still happening today when we’return supposed to have learnt, seen, experienced differently.
I’m chocked at reading your experiences as I am when I also personally live them (as a French living in Mexico or when Raúl, who’s Mexican, comes to France), how we have to explain that where we’re from is not where we live or completely who we are.
You have a great way to put the issue into words. I hope lots of people will read you and that this post will make them think a bit farther from the usual.
Cheers to being a local of the world and learning from it every day!
Jul’
I love the picture of you and Hai. Clever and cute.
I know what you mean about misperceptions based on name or skin color. It happens to all three of my step-sisters quite often. Two are of Italian descent and the other Vietnamese, but they’re all Midwestern Americans who are expected to be a little more exotic than they actually are.
I love this post! Throughout my entire life I’ve had to answer that question of “where I’m from”. I’ve lived in many countries since I was 5 years old. From various countries in Europe to many countries in the Middle East and my answer has always been Iranian or Persian if I wanted to romanticize where I was born.
When my family moved to Canada, I was amazed at how diverse the country is but also how accepting the people are. While I won’t say that racism doesn’t exist here, sadly it is mostly directed towards First Nations.
Any Canadian will tell you that naturalized Canadians are the proudest citizens of Canada and I can definitely attest to that. I am definitely a proud Canadian and although in some countries I might get the follow up of “where are you originally from”, as annoying as that is, I don’t mind the question as much as I used to when I was living in Germany, or England or any other predominately Caucasian country. But most of the time I get compliments on how amazing Canada is, as if I had anything to do with it. Lol
A few years ago, when I went to Germany to visit my uncles, a German Custom officer (a very mean looking Cutoms Officer too) asked me where I lived and upon learning I lived in BC, started to gush about how amazing and beutiful Canada and especially BC is.
Btw, I stumbled to your blog, looking for tips, as I’m visiting Tokyo for the first time! Somewhat nervous, but mostly excited!! Thanks to your blog, I won’t be eating and walking ;)
Well done, Jessica. I’ve lived and worked around the world for extended periods of time and felt a lot of what you wrote about. Recently I resent when people ask where I’m from, when its the first thing they ask of me. I acknowledge that I’m different and they are just curious. However, they should at least ask my name or how I’m doing before trying to engage me in their own curiosity of my existence. I find it rude and usually make them guess to break up the monotony of it and entertain myself a bit. Or sometimes I just say vague answers. I’m originally from US but had been living in Chile for two years, my spanish is pretty good. So sometimes I’d just say I’m from the north and they’d be confused…Argentina, Mexico? When I lived in South Korea and my students asked where I’m from, sometimes I’d say Japan or China. They’d get real confused. Physically, I’m like the poster child of whiteness. However I find the question rude in certain contexts, but then again it gives an opportunity to just play with people and have fun with it. It’s astonishing how far a sense of humor can disarm them.
Beautifully written.
I’m American and the current focus here is very much about the violent racism from our police force and one candidate’s absurd plan to basically keep out anyone with brown skin.While those issues do need to be addressed, it’s really good to see some conversation about the more subtle ways that people are judged based on their ethnicity. I’ve never had to deal with AirBnB rejections or extra searches in the airport, and it makes me so sad to realize that your husband and others have to deal with that kind of thing regularly.
Thanks you for this piece. I hope it goes viral!
Thanks for a very perceptive and well written post.
Many years ago I lived and worked in Tokyo for two years. Although I became somewhat fluent with the language and fell in love with its rich culture and history, I never felt accepted. One who is not born and raised there is always considered to be a ‘gaijin’ (foreigner) no matter how many years one lives there, how fluent one becomes in the language, and/or how assimilated one becomes to the lifestyle, etc in the country. It is unfortunate but a fact of life.
My Japanese wife with whom I have lived here in the USA for 40+ years now has never felt like an American. There is a substantial Japanese community in particular and a much larger Asian population in general here in the SF Bay Area where we have lived for the last 6 years which we enjoy a great deal. But she still does not quite feel like it is ‘home.’
When our daughter was in high school (in the USA), her peers would ask her “what are you?” Even here in multiracial and very diverse California she still gets asked that question nowadays, only in a more polite way: “where are you from?” Others have difficulty pegging her ethnicity. Recently we took a family trip to Hawaii. Many people there asked her or my wife if they were ‘local.’ Our daughter noted that it was ‘great’ not to be asked about her origins! My wife laughed at the fact that Hawaiians considered her to be one of them.
The point about asking someone where they are ‘local’ is a great one. If only the world would adopt it, things would be much easier in many respects.
Great read! I’ve struggled with this issue quite a bit, especially when travelling. My ethnicity is Indian, but I was born and raised Canadian. It’s frustrating to have to explain your identity in a matter of seconds. I lived in South Korea for 4 years and got the confused look many times! But you do have to remind yourself that sometimes people just aren’t aware of the diversity in other countries. At least travelling teaches you that everyone is different :)